1. Human language and language science
1.1 What even is language?
1.2 Studying language scientifically
1.3 Thinking about standards and “proper” grammar
1.4 Doing harm with language science
1.5 Doing good with language science

2. Language as a system of signs
2.1 The linguistic sign
2.2 Sense and reference
2.3 Other types of signs
2.4 Two levels of organization

3. Phonetics
3.1 Language modality
3.2 Speech articulators
3.3 Describing consonants: Place
3.4 Describing consonants: Manner
3.5 Describing vowels
3.6 The International Phonetic Alphabet
3.7 Syllables

4. Phonology
4.1 Phonemes and allophones
4.2 A closer look at phonemes
4.3 A closer look at allophones
4.4 Motivations and limits of allophony
4.5 Phonotactics
4.6 Stress
4.7 Intonation

5. Morphology
5.1 A first look at morphology
5.2 Types of morphemes
5.3. A closer look at roots and bases
5.4 Derivation vs. inflection
5.5 Typical functions of inflection
5.6 Word-formation rules
5.7 Compounds
5.8 Word-formation without morphology
5.9 Allomorphy
5.10 Morphological typology

6. Lexical semantics
6.1 The study of word meaning
6.2 A closer look at reference: extension
6.3 From extension to intension
6.4. How to represent meaning
6.5 World knowledge and word meaning
6.6 Denotation and connotation
6.7 Word senses
6.8 Lexical relations
6.9 Semantic fields and frames

7. Syntax
7.1 Studying syntax
7.2 Constituent tests
7.3 Phrases
7.4 Phrase structure rules
7.5 Valency
7.6 Clause structure
7.7 Clause types and their relation to each other

8. Sentence meaning
8.1 Studying sentence meaning
8.2 Propositions and truth conditions
8.3 Conjunctions
8.4 Presupposition

9. Pragmatics
9.1 Studying speaker meaning
9.2 The Cooperative Principle
9.3 Illocutionary Force
9.4 Direct and indirect speech acts

10. Text linguistics
10.1 What is a text?
10.2 Textual coherence
10.3 Textual cohesion
10.4 Is cohesion coherence?
10.5 Classifying texts: Genre
10.6 Other classifications