7. Syntax

In this chapter, we will discover how we can combine words into larger units, such as sentences. The study of sentences (and other multi-word units, like phrases and clauses) is called syntax. When you’ve completed this chapter, you will be able to:

  • determine which words in a sentence are part of the same constituent
  • distinguish different types of phrases and clauses
  • represent sentences as tree diagrams
  • identify structural ambiguity
  • write rules describing the structure of phrases and clauses
  • identify the valency patterns of a given verb

Contents

7.1 Studying syntax

7.2 Constituent tests

7.3 Phrases

7.4 Phrase structure rules

7.5 Valency

7.6 Clause structure

7.7 Clause types and their relation to each other